Понедельник, 21 Мая 2012 г.

A Win-Win (by Don Boudreaux)

23:55 08/07/2009

Here's a letter that I sent today to the New York Times:

The Obama administration believes that the price of oil is fluctuating too much, and it blames speculators - whom it wants to rein in ("U.S. Considers Curbs on Speculative Trading of Oil," July 8).

Rather than issue new regulations that might distort prices - prices that typically convey important information about market conditions - Mr. Obama and his lieutenants can better address this problem by themselves becoming speculators.  Whenever they believe that speculators are driving oil prices too high (and, thereby, setting the stage for these prices to "fluctuate" back downward) Team Obama can go short in oil.   Likewise, whenever they believe that speculators are driving oil prices too low (and, thereby, setting the stage for these prices to "fluctuate" back upward), Team Obama can go long in oil.

Not only will these brilliant public servants earn personal fortunes in the oil market, they'll also, in the process, mute the allegedly excessive price fluctuations (because, for example, selling oil short when its price is rising adds supply to the market today, thus relieving the pressures pushing today's price upward).  And because Mr. Obama & Co. would use their own resources, we the public will be better assured that their actions aren't driven by opportunistic politics.

Sincerely,
Donald J. Boudreaux

Paul Krugman also stands to translate his reading of today's oil prices into big bucks.



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Like Marginal Revolution's Slogan (by Don Boudreaux)

17:19 08/07/2009

A Cafe Hayek reader writes the following to me in an e-mail:

You cannot be serious that sliced bread is a noteworthy achievement.  The saying 'Best thing since sliced bread' is meant to be ironic....  Sliced bread is one step away from totally insignificant.

I have no delusions that sliced bread (or the machines and processes for making it commercially profitable) is a world-changing phenomenon.  By itself, its contribution to human welfare is small compared to many other innovations and certainly compared to the accumulated innovations over time.  But this fact reveals one of the beauties of the decentralized market process.  To explain, I reprise here a June 28, 2004 post on the prosperity pool.

The Prosperity Pool

Don Boudreaux

I’m continually impressed by the countless, seemingly daily improvements in the quality and range of goods and services available on the market. I reflected on these improvements yesterday as I watched my seven-year-old son, Thomas, play with plastic “water noodles” in the swimming pool. Water noodles are brightly colored flotation devices shaped like very large pieces of macaroni. They make playing in a pool both more enjoyable and safer for young children.

In fact, think of human material prosperity as being like water contained in a gargantuan swimming pool. The higher the “water” level, the greater is our prosperity. Call it the “prosperity level” in the prosperity pool.

How is this pool filled? Mostly, small drop by small drop. Countless people line the edge of the pool, each dripping in a drop or two of additional “water” – additional prosperity – from time to time. Very few single drops have any noticeable effect on the prosperity level. Had water noodles never been invented and produced, no one would have noticed. Ditto for almost everything else that comes available on the market – new shades of paint color for homes; improved quality of stereo speakers; improved food-freezing techniques; slightly longer-lasting light bulbs; a new fusion cuisine; a more-efficient machine for weaving fabric; improved corkage for wine. The list is practically endless.

A very few drops are large – say, the polio vaccine, and Henry Ford’s innovation for producing automobiles. But almost all drops are tiny. These tiny drops, though, together result in an enormously high level of material prosperity.

Many people want the prosperity level raised noticeably, by one gigantic infusion. Because each of us individually, even large corporations, are small compared to the whole, no one of us can ever really hope to raise the prosperity level noticeably. As a result, too many of us believe that we don’t “change the world” by contributing little drops; we arrogantly want to make a big splash – a move that raises the prosperity level noticeably.

So what do those with a passion to “change the world” do? They naturally call upon government, the one institution that can make a big splash.

To make a big splash, government makes unusually large infusions into the prosperity pool. Unfortunately, because government officials are not directed by market signals, because of public-choice problems, and because the nature of market prosperity is for it to grow decentrally and incrementally, the big splashes that government makes are too often the result of giant boulders bureaucratically tossed into the pool. These boulders often do make big splashes. They often noticeably change the level of the prosperity pool – too often downward. Giant splashes, after all, are rather wild; much of the splash ends up outside of the pool, where it dissolves.

And even if the measured level of the prosperity pool is higher after the big splash, this higher level might well be due to the fact that a large boulder is now in the pool; the volume of prosperity in the pool might be lower.

Of course, maybe I’m all wet.



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The Best Thing Since.... (by Don Boudreaux)

00:40 08/07/2009

Today is the 81st anniversary of sliced bread -- an invention, as mundane as it seems to us today, that has contributed more to human welfare than any 1,000 randomly selected politicians you can name.  (This standard, I realize, is hardly a demanding one.)  Oh, and note: the successful invention of sliced bread was indeed an invention; it required human creativity and ingenuity.

(HT Carrie Conko)



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Wages at Wal-Mart (by Russell Roberts)

23:12 07/07/2009

Shopping at Wal-Mart yesterday, I asked the cashier if she liked her job. Yes, she said, smiling. How long had she been at Wal-Mart? Three months. Where had she worked before? Safeway, the grocery store. Why did she come to Wal-Mart? The pay was better. Really, I asked? How, yes. How were the benefits at Wal-Mart compared to Safeway? Not as good. But she needed the money, she told me. She had a young daughter.

I didn't get to ask her if she had health care coverage at either job. But the conversation reminds me that people prefer different mixes of cash, retirement, health care and so on.

Which is why the political pressure and the threat of coercion that lead to this kind of result is so dangerous and harmful to human beings and other living things.



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Hubris Universal (by Don Boudreaux)

17:25 07/07/2009

Here's a letter that I sent today to USA Today:

Scolding the late Robert McNamara for the hubris of his foreign policy is now de rigueur.  As you correctly argue, on Vietnam Mr. McNamara "didn't assess the limits of American power" ("McNamara's hubris holds lessons for today's leaders," July 7).  Like so many Really Smart People, he possessed a mindless faith in the ability of analytical genius, backed by government power, to right the world's wrongs.

But the dangers of hubris and the limits of top-down solutions designed by geniuses don't exist only outside of our borders; they're just as real domestically.  If unpredictability, incalculable details, and unintended consequences threaten to make a mess of interventions abroad, surely the same stubborn aspects of reality threaten to make a mess of centralized, genius-planned interventions on the home front such as those that aim to supply universal health care and to create a "green economy."

Sincerely,
Donald J. Boudreaux


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Only at GMU (by Don Boudreaux)

14:35 06/07/2009

Here's some graffiti scrawled on Robinson Hall at George Mason University.IMG_0134



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Free the Market for Body Organs (by Don Boudreaux)

17:08 05/07/2009

The Boston Globe's Jeff Jacoby eloquently challenges the refusal to allow transplantable body organs to be freely bought and sold.  Here are his closing paragraphs:

No one would dream of suggesting that medical care is too vital or sacred to be treated as a commodity, or to be bought and sold like any other service. If the law prohibited any “valuable consideration’’ for healing the sick, the result would be far fewer doctors and far more sickness and death.

The result of our misguided altruism-only organ donation system is much the same: too few organs and too much death. More than 100,000 Americans are currently on the national organ waiting list. Last year, 28,000 transplants were performed, but 49,000 new patients were added to the queue. As the list grows longer, the wait grows deadlier, and the shortage of available organs grows more acute. Last year, 6,600 people died while awaiting the kidney or liver or heart that could have kept them alive. Another 18 people will die today. And another 18 tomorrow. And another 18 every day, until Congress fixes the law that causes so many valuable organs to be wasted, and so many lives to be needlessly lost.



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